PENCONAZOLE

Common name: Penconazole

Chemical name: 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]-1 H -1,2,4-triazole

Structural formula:

Chemical class: Azole fungicide

CAS No.: 66246-88-6

Properties: Technical product is light yellow crystalline powder. M.p. 57.6-60.3 ℃ . V.p. 0.37mPa (25 ℃ ). Soluble in water 73mg/L (25 ℃ ). In ethanol 730, acetone 770, toluene 610, n-hexane 22, n-octanol 400 (all in g/L, 25 ℃ ). Stable to hydrolysis (pH 1-13), and to temperatures up to 350 ℃ .

Toxicity: Acute oral LD 50 for rats 2125, mice 2444 mg/kg. Acute percutaneous LD 50 for rats ﹥ 3000 mg/kg. Not a skin irritant; irritating to eyes (rabbits). Not a skin sensitiser (guinea pigs). Inhalational LC 50 (4 h) ﹥ 4000 mg/m 3 .

Ecotoxicilogy: Birds, acute oral LD 50 (8 d) for Japanese quail 2424, Pekin ducks ﹥ 3000, mallard ducks ﹥ 1590 mg/kg. LC 50 (8 d) for bobwhite quail and mallard ducks ﹥ 5620 ppm. Fish, LC 50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 1.7-4.3, carp 3.8-4.6, bluegill sunfish 2.1-2.8 mg/L. Bees, non-toxic to bees; LD 50 (oral and topical) ﹥ 5 µ g/bee. Worms, LC 50 (14 d) for earthworms ﹥ 1000 mg/kg. Daphnia LC 50 (48 h) 7-11 mg/L.

Environmental fate: Animals, after oral administration, penconazole is rapidly eliminated practically to entirety with urine and faeces. Residues in tissues were not significant and there was no evidence for accumulation. Plants, metabolic pathways are hydroxylation of the propyl side chain, conjugation to glucosides or metabolism to triazolylalanine and triazolylacetic acid. Soil/Environment, DT 50 in soil is 133-343 d, depending on soil type. DT 50 for photolysis is 4 d (natural sunlight).

Treatment: Symptomatic treatment.

Mode of action: Systemic fungicide with protective and curative action. Absorbed by the leaves, with translocation acropetally.

Usage: Control of powdery mildew, pome fruit scab and other pathogenic Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes on vines, cucurbits, pome fruit, stone fruit, ornamentals, hops, tobacco and vegetables.