DIFENOCONAZOLE

Common name: Difenoconazole

Chemical name: 1-[2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-chlorophenyl]-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl]-1H-

1,2,4-triazole

Structural formula:

Chemical class: Azole fungicide

CAS No.: 119446-68-3

Properties: Technical product is white to light beige crystal. M.p. 78.6 ℃ . V.p. 3.3 × 10 -5 mPa (25 ℃ ). Soluble in water 15mg/L (25 ℃ ). In ethanol 330, acetone 610, toluene 490, n-hexane 3.4, n-octanol 95 (all in g/L, 25 ℃ ). Stable up to 150 ℃ . Hydrolytically stable.

Toxicity: Acute oral LD 50 for rats 1453, mice ﹥ 2000mg/kg. Acute percutaneous LD 50 for rabbits ﹥ 2010 mg/kg. Non-irritant to eyes and skin (rabbits). No-sensitising to skin (guinea pigs). Inhalational, LC 50 (4 h) for rats ≥ 3300 mg/m 3 air.

Ecotoxicology: Birds, 9-11 day LD 50 for mallard ducks ﹥ 2150 mg/kg. LC 50 for bobwhite quail ﹥ 4760, mallard ducks ﹥ 5000 ppm. Fish, LC 50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 0.8, bluegill sunfish 1.2, sheepshead minnow 0.82 mg/L. Bees: Non-toxic to honeybees; LD 50 (oral) ﹥ 187 μ g/bee; LC 50 (contact) ﹥ 100 μ g/bee. Worms, LC 50 for earthworms ﹥ 610 mg/kg. Daphnia, LC 50 (48 h) 0.77mg/L.

Environmental fate: Animals, after oral administration, difenoconazole was rapidly eliminated practically to entirety, with urine and faeces. Residues in tissues were not significant and there was no evidence for accumulation. Plants, two routes of metabolism: one by a triazole route to triazolylalanine and triazolylacetic acid; the other by hydroxylation of the phenyl ring followed by conjugation. Soil/Environment, practically immobile in soil, strong adsorption to soil particles, low potential to leach below top soil layer. Soil dissipation rate is slow and dependent on application rate. DT 50 for photolysis 145 d (natural sunlight).

Treatment: Get medical aid. Eyes, wash with plenty of water. Skin, wash with water and remove contaminated clothing. Ingestion, administer medicinal charcoal in large quantity of water. Treat symptomatically.

Mode of action: Systemic fungicide with preventive and curative action. Absorbed by the leaves with acropetal and strong translaminar translocation.

Usage: For foliar use and seed treatment for cereals. Broad spectrum for Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes diseases on fruits (grapes, pome, stone, tropical), oil seed rape, potatoes, soybeans, sugar beet, vegetables, and wheat.